Both bonds and equities have suffered further losses as interest rates have continued to climb.

A rally in both equity and bonds in July and the first half of August did not last, and prices resumed their slide in the second half of August and into September.

Both equities and bonds have rallied in recent weeks, but the gains have not been enough to outweigh large losses earlier in the year, and many asset classes continue to show year-to-date losses.

Year-to-date outcomes continue to look poor across many asset classes as markets have responded to unexpectedly high inflation; central banks’ monetary policy tightening response to it; ongoing pandemic-related production disruptions including staff away ill and China’s lockdowns; and the manifold impacts of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which have included trade sanctions, spikes in commodity and energy prices, and heightened investor risk aversion.